<h3 class="fw-bold primary-font-color"><b>Diagnostic Tools in General Nephrology</b></h3>
Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Main diagnostic instruments include:
<ul>
 	<li aria-level="1"><b>Blood Tests:</b> Measurement of creatinine levels and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are the two parameters used for kidney function evaluation..</li>
 	<li aria-level="1"><b>Urinalysis:</b> This test is used to identify the presence of proteinuria, haematuria.</li>
 	<li aria-level="1"><b>Renal Ultrasound: </b>Shows structural problems, for instance, cysts, or obstructions.</li>
 	<li aria-level="1"><b>Kidney Biopsy:</b> Gives detailed information about the conditions of the underlying kidney, especially for glomerular diseases.</li>
</ul>
&nbsp;
<h3 class="fw-bold primary-font-color"><b>Treatment Approaches in General Nephrology</b></h3>
Kidney disease management can be of the form of different measures that are adaptable to individual needs:
<ol>
 	<li aria-level="1"><b>Lifestyle Modifications:</b>
<ul>
 	<li aria-level="2"><b>Dietary Changes: </b>Low in sodium, low in protein, and controlled potassium diets contribute to CKD management.</li>
 	<li aria-level="2"><b>Regular Exercise:</b> It increases overall health and hypertension is also lowered.</li>
</ul>
</li>
 	<li aria-level="1"><b>Medication Management:</b>
<ul>
 	<li aria-level="2"><b>Antihypertensives:</b> Manage your blood pressure to guard your kidneys.</li>
 	<li aria-level="2"><b>Diuretics: </b>Reducing fluid retention and managing edema.</li>
 	<li aria-level="2"><b>Immunosuppressants:</b> Glomerulonephritis, a condition of autoimmunity affecting the kidneys.</li>
</ul>
</li>
 	<li aria-level="1"><b>Dialysis:</b><b>
</b>For advanced kidney disease, the patient should choose between hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis as the kidneys are replaced by the process of filtration.</li>
 	<li aria-level="1"><b>Kidney Transplantation:</b><b>
</b>For ESRD patients, a kidney transplant provides them the best long-term solution, therefore, enhanced quality of life.</li>
</ol>