<span style="font-weight: 400;">Fibroids, also known as uterine myomas or leiomyomas, are non-cancerous growths composed of muscle and fibrous tissue.
</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">They can develop in or near the uterus and vary in size, ranging from tiny seedlings to large masses that can deform and expand the uterus. It is possible to have a single fibroid or multiple fibroids. </span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Although fibroids are quite common, affecting 40% to 80% of women, many remain unaware of their presence due to lack of symptoms. </span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">This is particularly true for those with small fibroids, referred to as asymptomatic fibroids, as they do not cause any noticeable symptoms.</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;"> </span>

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<h2 style="width: 100%;"><b>Types of fibroids</b></h2>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">Fibroids are typically located within or around the uterine body, although they can occasionally be found in the cervix. Different types of fibroids include:</span>

<b>Intramural fibroids:</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Fibroids that are lodged in the uterine wall. These fibroids originate and grow within the muscular tissue of the uterus.</span>

<b>Submucosal fibroids:</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Fibroids that develop within the uterine cavity, which is the space where a foetus grows during pregnancy.</span>

<b>Subserosal fibroids:</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Fibroids that are located outside the uterus and are attached to the uterine wall.</span>

<b>Pedunculated fibroids:</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Fibroids that grow on the outside of the uterus. These fibroids are connected to the uterus through a thin stem and are often compared to the shape of a mushroom. They are the least common type of fibroids.</span>
<h2 style="width: 100%;"><b>Causes of fibroids</b></h2>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">The development of fibroids is not fully understood. However, it is believed that the growth of fibroids is influenced by the female hormones, estrogen and progesterone. </span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Fibroids tend to grow in women within the reproductive age-group until menopause.</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Factors that increase the risk of developing fibroids include an early onset of menstruation, obesity, a family history of fibroids indicating a genetic influence, never having given birth, advancing age, the presence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).</span>
<h2 style="width: 100%;"><b>Symptoms of fibroids</b></h2>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">Symptoms associated with fibroids may go unnoticed by many women unless they experience specific indications that prompt a medical diagnosis.</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Approximately 20-30% of women experience certain symptoms related to fibroids. </span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Common symptoms of fibroids include:</span>
<ul>
 	<li><span style="font-weight: 400;">       </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lower back pain</span></li>
 	<li><span style="font-weight: 400;">       </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Constipation</span></li>
 	<li><span style="font-weight: 400;">       </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Bloating</span></li>
 	<li><span style="font-weight: 400;">       </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Excessive or prolonged menstrual bleeding</span></li>
 	<li><span style="font-weight: 400;">       </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Painful menstrual periods</span></li>
 	<li><span style="font-weight: 400;">       </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Discomfort during sexual intercourse</span></li>
 	<li><span style="font-weight: 400;">       </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Irregular bleeding outside of the normal cycle</span></li>
 	<li><span style="font-weight: 400;">       </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Increased frequency of urination</span></li>
</ul>
<h2 style="width: 100%;"><b>Can fibroids affect fertility and pregnancy?
</b></h2>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">A majority of women with fibroids experience normal fertility and pregnancy outcomes. However, specific types of fibroids can affect the ability to conceive or give birth. </span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">During pregnancy, the presence of large uterine fibroids can influence the baby's position and restrict their movement</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">. </span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Additionally, women with fibroids may face increased rates of infertility and miscarriage. The size, location, and quantity of fibroids play a significant role in relation to pregnancy and fertility. </span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">In certain situations, a caesarean section may be advised for future deliveries.</span><b></b>
<h2 style="width: 100%;"><b>Diagnosis of fibroids</b></h2>
<img class="alignnone wp-image-1424 size-full" src="https://www.nufertility.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/002.jpg" alt="Diagnosis of Fibroids through Ultrasound - NU Fertility" width="804" height="536" />

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Diagnosis of fibroids involves a comprehensive process, typically involving medical history, physical examination, and various imaging studies.</span>

<b>Medical history:</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Healthcare professionals inquire about various symptoms including excessive menstrual bleeding, pelvic discomfort, frequent urination, and reproductive concerns. Obtaining information about a patient's family history regarding fibroids or similar conditions can provide valuable insights.</span>

<b>Physical examination:</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> To evaluate the dimensions, structure, and texture of the uterus, a pelvic examination is conducted. An enlarged or irregularly shaped uterus may indicate the presence of fibroids. Furthermore, this examination assists in identifying other potential causes for the symptoms.</span>

<b>Imaging studies: </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">To confirm the diagnosis and determine the precise location, size, and quantity of fibroids, several imaging techniques are utilized. The first-line imaging tool is often ultrasound, which can provide detailed images of the uterus. Both transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound are utilized to visualize fibroids. </span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Additionally, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) offers a more comprehensive view of the uterus and its surrounding structures. It is particularly valuable in evaluating the size and number of fibroids.</span>

<b>Hysteroscopy:</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> To examine the uterine cavity and identify any fibroids that may be impacting it, a thin illuminated tube is inserted through the cervix.</span>

<b>Endometrial Biopsy:</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> In order to rule out other conditions, it may be necessary to take a tissue sample from the uterine lining if there are any concerns about abnormal bleeding.</span>
<h2 style="width: 100%;"><b>Treatment of fibroids
</b></h2>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">Treatment of fibroids is typically unnecessary unless they are causing complications. </span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">However, women who are facing challenges with fertility, experiencing painful periods, heavy bleeding, or pressure symptoms often seek treatment. </span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">The choice of treatment options varies based on the size of the fibroids and the severity of the symptoms. It also takes into consideration a woman's specific requirements, such as her plans for future pregnancy and any previous pregnancies she may have had.</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Period pain can be reduced with the help of pain-relieving medication, and anti-inflammatories may be prescribed to decrease the intensity of bleeding.</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">In case of anemia, iron replacement may be recommended.</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">There are various surgical options available for the treatment of fibroids.</span>
<ul>
 	<li style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Uterine artery embolization involves injecting small, sterile particles into the arteries that supply blood to the fibroids. This procedure cuts off the blood supply, leading to the shrinkage of the fibroids. Not advised in women planning for pregnancy.</span></li>
 	<li style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Hysteroscopic myomectomy is performed under general anesthesia to remove a fibroid that is either partially or completely inside the uterus cavity.</span></li>
 	<li style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Laparoscopic myomectomy is another advanced surgical option, involving the complete removal of the fibroid under general anaesthesia. Advantage over open abdominal Myomectomy is  having a minimal scar and better post operative recovery.</span></li>
 	<li style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">MRI directed ultrasound technique involves the use of high intensity focused ultrasound waves to overheat the cells in the fibroid, causing it to shrink.</span></li>
 	<li style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Hysterectomy procedure involves the complete removal of the uterus. This is usually done in women who have completed family planning. Laparoscopic route is preferred over abdominal surgery.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">Uterine fibroids are a type of non-cancerous growth that develops within or on the uterus. </span>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">While some fibroids may not show any symptoms, others can lead to heavy menstrual bleeding, back pain, frequent urination, and discomfort during sexual intercourse. </span>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">Smaller fibroids may not require any treatment, but larger fibroids may require medical treatment or surgical intervention.</span>
<a href="https://www.nufertility.com/contact"><span style="font-weight: 400;">NU Fertility in Shivamogga</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> provides advanced fibroid treatment options. With a dedicated healthcare team focused on reproductive health, they ensure exceptional care with precision and expertise.</span>

<b>References:</b>
<ol>
 	<li><span style="font-weight: 400;">Freytag, D., Günther, V., Maass, N., &amp; Alkatout, I. (2021). Uterine Fibroids and Infertility. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 11(8), 1455.</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8391505/"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8391505/</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></li>
 	<li><span style="font-weight: 400;">FIBROIDS AND FERTILITY. American Society for Reproductive Medicine.</span><a href="https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/fact-sheets-and-infographics/fibroids-and-fertility/"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/fact-sheets-and-infographics/fibroids-and-fertility/</span></a></li>
 	<li><span style="font-weight: 400;">Fibroids and fertility. Pregnancy birth &amp; baby.</span><a href="https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/fibroids-and-fertility"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/fibroids-and-fertility</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></li>
</ol>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">Author; </span><a href="https://www.nufertility.com/dr-abhilash-e"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Dr. Abhilash E</span></a>
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